JOS 12

Joshua 12:3

WEB

and the Arabah to the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and to the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward, the way to Beth Jeshimoth; and on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah:

BSB

as well as the Arabah east of the Sea of Chinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea ), eastward through Beth-jeshimoth, and southward below the slopes of Pisgah.

KJV

And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to Beth-jeshimoth; and from the south, under Ashdoth-pisgah:

Matthew Henry

Verses 1–6

Joshua 12:1–6

Joshua, or whoever else is the historian before he comes to sum up the new conquests Israel had made, in these verses receives their former conquests in Moses's time, under whom they became masters of the great and potent kingdoms of Sihon and Og. Note, Fresh mercies must not drown the remembrance of former mercies, nor must the glory of the present instruments of good to the church be suffered to eclipse and diminish the just honour of those who have gone before them, and who were the blessings and ornaments of their day. Joshua's services and achievements are confessedly great, but let not those under Moses be overlooked and forgotten, since God was the same who wrought both, and both put together proclaim him the Alpha and Omega of Israel's great salvation. Here is, 1. A description of this conquered country, the measure and bounds of it in general (Jos 12:1): From the river Arnon in the south, to Mount Hermon in the north. In particular, here is a description of the kingdom of Sihon (Jos 12:2, Jos 12:3), and that of Og, Jos 12:4, Jos 12:5. Moses had described this country very particularly (Deu 2:36; Deu 3:4, etc.), and this description here agrees with his. King Og is said to dwell at Ashtaroth and Edrei (Jos 12:4), probably because they were both his royal cities; he had palaces in both, and resided sometimes in one and sometimes in the other; one perhaps was his summer seat and the other his winter seat. But Israel took both from him, and made one grave to serve him that could not be content with one palace. 2. The distribution of this country. Moses assigned it to the two tribes and a half, at their request, and divided it among them (Jos 12:6), of which we had the story at large, Num. 32. The dividing of it when it was conquered by Moses is here mentioned as an example to Joshua what he must do now that he had conquered the country on this side Jordan. Moses, in his time, gave to one part of Israel a very rich and fruitful country, but it was on the outside of Jordan; but Joshua gave to all Israel the holy land, the mountain of God's sanctuary, within Jordan: so the law conferred upon some few of God's spiritual Israel external temporal blessings, which were earnests of good things to come; but our Lord Jesus, the true Joshua, has provided for all the children of promise spiritual blessings - the privileges of the sanctuary, and the heavenly Canaan. The triumphs and grants of the law were glorious, but those of the gospel far exceed in glory.

Cross-references: Josh 12:1 · Josh 12:2 · Josh 12:3 · Josh 12:4 · Josh 12:5 · Deut 2:36 · Deut 3:4 · Josh 12:6

Hebrew interlinear

H6160

עֲרָבָהʻărâbâh/ar-aw-baw'/

n-f — desert

Derivation: from 6150 (in the sense of sterility);

a desert; especially (with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of the Jordan and its continuation to the Red Sea

KJV: Arabah, champaign, desert, evening, heaven, plain, wilderness. See also 1026.

עֲרָבָה

n.f — desert-plain

עֲרָבָה 61 n.f. desert-plain, steppe

H5704

עַדʻad/ad/

prep — as far, long, much, as, even unto, during, while, until, equally with

Derivation: properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition);

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

KJV: against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ( as) yet.

עַד

prep — as far as

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

I. prep.

1. of space

2. Of time

3. Of degree

II. conj.

1. until

2. While

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

1. of space

2. Of time

3. Of degree

H3220

יָםyâm/yawm/

n-m — sea, large body of water, Mediterranean Sea, large river, artifical basin, west, south

Derivation: from an unused root meaning to roar;

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

KJV: sea (× -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

יָם

n.m — sea

יָם 390 n.m. sea

H3672

כִּנְּרוֹתKinnᵉrôwth/kin-ner-oth'/

n-pr-loc — Kinneroth, Kinnereth

Derivation: or כִּנֶּרֶת; respectively plural and singular feminine from the same as 3658; perhaps harp-shaped;

Kinneroth or Kinnereth, a place in Palestine

KJV: Chinnereth, Chinneroth, Cinneroth.

כִּנֶּ֫רֶת

n.pr.loc — Chinnereth

כִּנֶּ֫רֶת, כִּנֲּֿרוֹת n.pr.loc. in Galilee (Naphtali)

1. a city

2. lake near the city

H4217

מִזְרָחmizrâch/miz-rawkh'/

n-m — sunrise, east

Derivation: from 2224;

sunrise, i.e. the east

KJV: east (side, -ward), (sun-) rising (of the sun).

מִזְרָח

n.[m.] — place of sunrise

מִזְרָח n.[m.] place of sunrise, east

H4417

מֶלַחmelach/meh'-lakh/

n-m — powder, salt

Derivation: from 4414;

properly, powder, i.e. (specifically) salt (as easily pulverized and dissolved)

KJV: salt(-pit).

מֶ֫לַח

n.m — salt

מֶ֫לַח n.m. salt

H1870

דֶּרֶךְderek/deh'-rek/

n-m — road, trodden, course, mode

Derivation: from 1869;

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

KJV: along, away, because of, by, conversation, custom, (east-) ward, journey, manner, passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-) way(-side), whither(-soever).

דֶּ֫רֶךְ

n.m — way

דֶּ֫רֶךְ 715 n.m. way, road, distance, journey, manner

1. way, road, path

2. journey

3. of direction, almost or quite = toward

4. way, manner

5. fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

6.

a. of moral action and character

b. of duty

c. specif.: in good sense

d. oftener in bad sense

e. way of י׳

H1020

בֵּית הַיְשִׁימוֹתBêyth ha-Yshîy-môwth/bayth hah-yesh-eemoth'/

n-pr-loc — Beth-ha-Jeshimoth

Derivation: from 1004 and the plural of 3451 with the article interposed; house of the deserts;

Beth-ha-Jeshimoth, a town East of the Jordan

KJV: Beth-jeshimoth.

בֵּית הַיְשִׁימוֹת

n.pr.loc — Beth-jeshimoth

בֵּית הַיְשִׁימוֹת n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan (place of the desert) in Moab; given to Reuben

H8486

תֵּימָןtêymân/tay-mawn'/

n-f — south, right

Derivation: or תֵּמָן; denominative from 3225;

the south (as being on the right hand of a person facing the east)

KJV: south (side, -ward, wind).

תֵּימָן

n.f — south

תֵּימָן n.f. south, south wind, chiefly poet.

H8478

תַּחַתtachath/takh'-ath/

n-m — bottom, below, in lieu of

Derivation: from the same as 8430;

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.

KJV: as, beneath, × flat, in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead of, under, × unto, × when...was mine, whereas, (where-) fore, with.

תַּחַת

n.[m.] — the under part

תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

H794

אֲשֵׁדָהʼăshêdâh/ash-ay-daw'/

n-f — ravine

Derivation: feminine of 793;

a ravine

KJV: springs.

אֲשֵׁדָה

n.f — foundation

[אֲשֵׁדָה] n.f. foundation, (mountain-)slope

H6449

פִּסְגָּהPiçgâh/pis-gaw'/

n-pr-loc — Pisgah

Derivation: from 6448; a cleft;

Pisgah, a Mountain East of Jordan

KJV: Pisgah.

פִּסְגָּה

n.pr.mont — Ashdoth-pisgah

פִּסְגָּה n.pr.mont. Pisgah (prob. cleft, fr. a natural feature of mt.)

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