Jeremiah 49:23
WEB
Of Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are confounded, for they have heard evil news. They have melted away. There is sorrow on the sea. It can’t be quiet.
BSB
Concerning Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard a bad report; they are agitated like the sea; their anxiety cannot be calmed.
KJV
¶ Concerning Damascus. Hamath is confounded, and Arpad: for they have heard evil tidings: they are fainthearted; there is sorrow on the sea; it cannot be quiet.
Matthew Henry
Hebrew interlinear
H1834
n-pr-loc — Damascus
Derivation: or דּוּמֶשֶׂק; or דַּרְמֶשֶׂק; of foreign origin;
Damascus, a city of Syria
KJV: Damascus.
n.pr.loc — Damascus
דַּמֶּ֫שֶׂק n.pr.loc. Damascus
H954
v — pale, be ashamed, be disappointed, delayed
Derivation: a primitive root;
properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed
KJV: (be, make, bring to, cause, put to, with, a-) shamed(-d), be (put to) confounded(-fusion), become dry, delay, be long.
vb — be ashamed
בּוֹשׁ 109 vb. be ashamed
Qal
1. abs. feel shame
2. sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of
3. with obj. I am ashamed to ask
Polel delay (in shame)
Hiph.
1. put to shame
2.
a. put to shame
b. act shamefully
c. to be put to shame
d. be ashamed
Hithp. ashamed before one another
H2574
n-pr-loc n-pr-m — Chamath
Derivation: from the same as 2346; walled;
Chamath, a place in Syria
KJV: Hamath, Hemath.
n.pr.loc — Hamath
חֲמָת, חֲמַת n.pr.loc. (√ dub.; fortress). It is called great Hamath by Am 6:2 (חֲמַת רַבָּה)
H774
n-pr-loc — Arpad
Derivation: from 7502; spread out;
Arpad, a place in Syria
KJV: Arpad, Arphad.
n.pr.loc — Arpad
אַרְפַּד n.pr.loc. city in northern Syria
H3588
conj — relative conjunction
Derivation: a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
KJV: and, (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), but, certainly, doubtless, else, even, except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, (al-) though, till, truly, until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
conj — that
כִּי conj. that, for, when
1. that
2.
a. Of time, when, of the past
b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
3. Because, since
relative conjunction
כִּי אם־
1. each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
a. that if
b. for if
2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
a. limiting the prec. clause, except
b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
c. after an oath, surely
forasmuch as
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
H8052
n-f — heard, announcement
Derivation: feminine passive participle of 8074;
something heard, i.e. an announcement
KJV: bruit, doctrine, fame, mentioned, news, report, rumor, tidings.
n.f — report
שְׁמוּעָה n.f. report
1. report
2. = mention
H7451
a n-m n-f — bad, evil
Derivation: from 7489;
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
KJV: adversity, affliction, bad, calamity, displease(-ure), distress, evil((-favouredness), man, thing), exceedingly, × great, grief(-vous), harm, heavy, hurt(-ful), ill (favoured), mark, mischief(-vous), misery, naught(-ty), noisome, not please, sad(-ly), sore, sorrow, trouble, vex, wicked(-ly, -ness, one), worse(-st), wretchedness, wrong. (Incl. feminine raaah; as adjective or noun.).
n.m — evil
רַע 126 n.m. evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity
1. evil, distress, adversity
2. evil, injury, wrong
3. ethical evil
adj — bad
רַע 228 adj. bad, evil
1. bad, disagreeable, malignant
2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery
3. evil, displeasing
4. bad of its kind
5. bad, , i.e. of low value
6. מִן comp., worse than
7. sad, unhappy
8. devise evil (hurtful) device
9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper
10. ethically bad, evil, wicked
n.f — evil
רָעָה 310 n.f. evil, misery, distress, injury
1. evil, misery, distress
2. evil, injury, wrong
3. ethical evil
H8085
v — hear, tell
Derivation: a primitive root;
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
KJV: × attentively, call (gather) together, × carefully, × certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, × diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), × indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, × surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
vb — hear
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
1. subj. pers. hum.
2. י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42
1. be heard, of voice, sound
2. be heard of
3. be regarded, obeyed
4. = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
1. of man
2. י׳ subj.
H4127
v — melt, soften, disappear, fear, faint
Derivation: a primitive root;
to melt, i.e. literally (to soften, flow down, disappear), or figuratively (to fear, faint)
KJV: consume, dissolve, (be) faint(-hearted), melt (away), make soft.
vb — melt
מוּג vb. melt
Qal
1. melt
2. trans. cause to melt
Niph. melt away, fig. for be helpless, disorganized
Po‛l. soften, dissolve
Po‛. Hithpo‛l. mely; hyperb. for flow
H3220
n-m — sea, large body of water, Mediterranean Sea, large river, artifical basin, west, south
Derivation: from an unused root meaning to roar;
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south
KJV: sea (× -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).
n.m — sea
יָם 390 n.m. sea
H1674
n-f — anxiety
Derivation: from 1672;
anxiety
KJV: care(-fulness), fear, heaviness, sorrow.
n.f — anxiety
דְּאָגָה n.f. anxiety, anxious care
H8252
v — repose
Derivation: a primitive root;
to repose (usually figurative)
KJV: appease, idleness, (at, be at, be in, give) quiet(-ness), (be at, be in, give, have, take) rest, settle, be still.
vb — be quiet
שָׁקַט vb. be quiet, undisturbed
Qal be quiet, undisturbed
1. of land, at peace
2. be quiet, inactive
Hiph.
1. shew quietness (inner causat.), of men
2. cause quietness
H3808
adv — not, no
Derivation: or לוֹא; or לֹה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
KJV: × before, or else, ere, except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (× as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, surely, as truly as, of a truth, verily, for want, whether, without.
adv — not
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
H3201
v — be able, can, could, may, might
Derivation: or (fuller) יָכוֹל; a primitive root;
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
KJV: be able, any at all (ways), attain, can (away with, (-not)), could, endure, might, overcome, have power, prevail, still, suffer.
vb — be able
יָכֹל, יָכוֹל 193 vb. be able, have power, prevail, endure
Qal
1. be able, to do a thing,, whether ability be physical, moral, constitutional, or dependent on external authority
2. prevail
3. abs. have ability, strength, only neg.
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Verses 23–27
Jeremiah 49:23–27
The kingdom of Syria lay north of Canaan, as that of Edom lay south, and thither we must now remove and take a view of the approaching fate of that kingdom, which had been often vexatious to the Israel of God. Damascus was the metropolis of that kingdom, and the ruin of the whole is supposed in the ruin of that: yet Hamath and Arpad, two other considerable cities, are names (Jer 49:23), and the palaces of Ben-hadad, which he built, are particularly marked for ruin, Jer 49:27; see also Amo 1:4. Some think Ben-hadad (the son of Hadad, either their idol, or one of their ancient kings, whence the rest descended) was a common name of the kings of Syria, as Pharaoh of the kings of Egypt. Now observe concerning the judgment of Damascus, 1. It begins with a terrible fright and faint-heartedness. They hear evil tidings, that the king of Babylon, with all his force, is coming against them, and they are confounded; they know not what measures to take for their own safety, their souls are melted, they are faint-hearted, they have no spirit left them, they are like the troubled sea, that cannot be quiet (Isa 57:20), or like men in a storm at sea (Psa 107:26); or the sorrow that begins in the city shall go to the sea-coast, Jer 49:23. See how easily God can dispirit those nations that have been most celebrated for valour. Damascus now waxes feeble (Jer 49:24), a city that thought she could look the most formidable enemy in the face now turns herself to flee, and owns it is to no more purpose to think of contending with her fate than for a woman in labour to contend with her pains, which she cannot escape, but must yield to. It was a city of praise (Jer 49:25), not praise to God, but to herself, a city much commended and admired by all strangers that visited it. It was a city of joy, where there was an affluence and confluence of all the delights of the sons of men, and abundance of mirth in the enjoyment of them. We read it (though there is no necessity for this) the city of my joy, which the prophet himself had sometimes visited with pleasure. Or it may be the speech of the king lamenting the ruin of the city of his joy. But now it is all overwhelmed with fear and grief. Note, Those deceive themselves who place their happiness in carnal joys; for God in his providence can soon cast a damp upon them and put an end to them. He can soon make a city of praise to be a reproach and a city of joy to be a terror to itself. 2. It ends with a terrible fall and fire. (1.) The inhabitants are slain (Jer 49:26): The young men, who should fight the enemy and defend the city, shall fall by the sword in her streets; and all the men of war, mighty men, expert in war, and engaged in the service of their country, shall be cut off. (2.) The city is laid in ashes (Jer 49:27): The fire is kindled by the besiegers in the wall, but it shall devour all before it, the palaces of Ben-hadad particularly, where so much mischief had formerly been hatched against God's Israel, for which it is now thus visited.
Cross-references: Jer 49:23 · Jer 49:27 · Amos 1:4 · Isa 57:20 · Ps 107:26 · Jer 49:24 · Jer 49:25 · Jer 49:26