Proverbs 22:26
WEB
Don’t you be one of those who strike hands, of those who are collateral for debts.
BSB
Do not be one who gives pledges, who puts up security for debts.
KJV
Be not thou one of them that strike hands, or of them that are sureties for debts.
Matthew Henry
Hebrew interlinear
H408
adv — not, nothing
Derivation: a negative particle (akin to 3808);
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
KJV: nay, neither, + never, no, nor, not, nothing (worth), rather than.
adv. of negation — not
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
H1961
v — exist, be, become, come to pass
Derivation: a primitive root (compare 1933);
to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
KJV: beacon, × altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, follow, happen, × have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, × use.
vb — fall out
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
I.
1.
a. Fall out, happen
b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
2. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
a.
(1). וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
(2). rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
b. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
II. Come into being, become
1.
a. abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
b. sq. prep.
2. become
a. sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
b. sq. pred. adj.
c. become like
d. sq. pred. לְ pers.
e. sq. לְ pred.
f. oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
g. with עַל and לְ
h. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
III. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
1. exist, be in existence
2. abide, remain, continue
3. with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
4. as copula, joining subj. & pred.
5. periphrastic conjug.
Niph.
1. either be done, be brought about, or occur, come to pass
2. be done, finished, gone
H8628
v — clatter, slap, clang, drive, become bondsman
Derivation: a primitive root;
to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become bondsman by handclasping)
KJV: blow (a trumpet), cast, clap, fasten, pitch (tent), smite, sound, strike, × suretiship, thrust.
vb — thrust
תָּקַע 67 vb. thrust, clap, give a blow, blast
Qal
1. thrust, drive
2. give a blast, blow
3. strike, clap hands
Niph.
1. if a horn shall be blown
2. who is there that will strike himself (i.e. pledge himself) into my hand?
H3709
n-f — hollow hand, palm, power
Derivation: from 3721;
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree); figuratively, power
KJV: branch, foot, hand((-ful), -dle, (-led)), hollow, middle, palm, paw, power, sole, spoon.
n.f — hollow
כַּף 192 n.f. hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, hand
H6148
v — braid, intermix, traffic, give to be security
Derivation: a primitive root;
to braid, i.e. intermix; technically, to traffic (as if by barter); also or give to be security (as a kind of exchange)
KJV: engage, (inter-) meddle (with), mingle (self), mortgage, occupy, give pledges, be(-come, put in) surety, undertake.
vb — take on pledge
עָרַב vb. take on pledge, give in pledge, exchange
Qal
1. c. acc. pers. take on pledge, i.e. go surety for
2. give in pledge
3. exchange (in trade)
Hithp.
1. recipr. exchange pledges (make a bargain) with my lord
2.
a. have fellowship with
b. share in
H4859
n-f — loan
Derivation: feminine of 4855;
a loan
KJV: × any(-thing), debt.
n.f — loan
[מַשָּׁאָה] n.f. loan (on pledge)
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Verses 26–27
Proverbs 22:26–27
We have here, as often before, a caution against suretiship, as a thing both imprudent and unjust. 1. We must not associate ourselves, nor contract an intimacy, with men of broken fortunes, and reputations, who need and will urge their friends to be bound for them, that they may cheat their neighbours to feed their lusts, and by keeping up a little longer may do the more damage at last to those that give them credit. Have nothing to do with such; be not thou among them. 2. We must not cheat people of their money, by striking hands ourselves, or becoming surety for others, when we have not to pay. If a man by the divine providence is disabled to pay his debts, he ought to be pitied and helped; but he that takes up money or goods himself, or is bound for another, when he knows that he has not wherewithal to pay, or that what he has is so settled that the creditors cannot come at it, does in effect pick his neighbour's pocket, and though, in all cases, compassion is to be used, yet he may thank himself if the law have its course and his bed be taken from under him, which might be taken for a pledge to secure a debt, Exo 22:26, Exo 22:27. For, if a man appeared to be so poor that he had nothing else to give for security, he ought to be relieved, and it was honestly done to own it; but, for the recovery of a debt, it seems it might be taken by the summum jus - the strict operation of law. 3. We must not ruin our own estates and families. Every man ought to be just to himself and to his wife and children; those are not so who live above what they have, who by the mismanagement of their own affairs, or by encumbering themselves with debts of others, waste what they have and bring themselves to poverty. We may take joyfully the spoiling of our goods if it be for the testimony of a good conscience; but, if be for our own rashness and folly, we cannot but take it heavily.
Cross-references: Exod 22:26 · Exod 22:27