EXO 22

Exodus 22:13

WEB

If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn.

BSB

If the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bring it as evidence; he need not make restitution for the torn carcass.

KJV

If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.

Matthew Henry

Verses 7–15

Exodus 22:7–15

These laws are,

I. Concerning trusts, Exo 22:7-13. If a man deliver goods, suppose to a carrier to be conveyed, or to a warehouse-keeper to be preserved, or cattle to a farmer to be fed, upon a valuable consideration, and if a special confidence be reposed in the person they are lodged with, in case these goods be stolen or lost, perish or be damaged, if it appear that it was not by any fault of the trustee, the owner must stand to the loss, otherwise he that has been false to this trust must be compelled to make satisfaction. The trustee must aver his innocence upon oath before the judges, if the case was such as afforded no other proof, and they were to determine the matter according as it appeared. This teaches us, 1. That we ought to be very careful of every thing we are entrusted with, as careful of it, though it be another's, as if it were our own. It is unjust and base, and that which all the world cries shame on, to betray a trust. 2. That there is such a general failing of truth and justice upon earth as gives too much occasion to suspect men's honesty whenever it is their interest to be dishonest. 3. That an oath for confirmation is an end of strife, Heb 6:16. It is called an oath for the Lord (Exo 22:11), because to him the appeal is made, not only as to a witness of truth, but as to an avenger of wrong and falsehood. Those that had offered injury to their neighbour by doing any unjust thing, yet, it might be hoped, had not so far debauched their consciences as to profane an oath of the Lord, and call the God of truth to be witness to a lie: perjury is a sin which natural conscience startles at as much as any other. The religion of an oath is very ancient, and a plain indication of the universal belief of a God, and a providence, and a judgment to come. 4. That magistracy is an ordinance of God, designed, among other intentions, to assist men both in discovering rights disputed and recovering rights denied; and great respect ought to be paid to the determination of the judges. 5. That there is no reason why a man should suffer for that which he could not help: masters should consider this, in dealing with their servants, and not rebuke that as a fault which was a mischance, and which they themselves, had they been in their servants' places, could not have prevented.

II. Concerning loans, Exo 22:14, Exo 22:15. If a man (suppose) lent his team to his neighbour, if the owner was with it, or was to receive profit for the loan of it, whatever harm befel the cattle the owner must stand to the loss of: but if the owner was so kind to the borrower as to lend it to him gratis, and put such a confidence in him as to trust it from under his own eye, then, if any harm happened, the borrower must make it good. Let us learn hence to be very careful not to abuse any thing that is lent us; it is not only unjust, but base and disingenuous, inasmuch as it is rendering evil for good; we should much rather choose to lose ourselves than that any should sustain loss by their kindness to us. Alas, master! for it was borrowed, Kg2 6:5.

Cross-references: Exod 22:7 · Heb 6:16 · Exod 22:11 · Exod 22:14 · Exod 22:15 · 2Kgs 6:5

Hebrew interlinear

H518

אִםʼim/eem/

prt — lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not

Derivation: a primitive particle;

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

KJV: (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, + more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, + save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more, none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when, whereas, whether, while, + yet.

אִם

conj — if

אִם conj.

1. hypoth. part. if

2. Interrog. part.

כִּי אם־

relative conjunction

כִּי אם־

1. each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

a. that if

b. for if

2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

a. limiting the prec. clause, except

b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

c. after an oath, surely

H2963

טָרַףṭâraph/taw-raf'/

v — pluck off, pull to pieces, supply

Derivation: a primitive root;

to pluck off or pull to pieces; causatively to supply with food (as in morsels)

KJV: catch, × without doubt, feed, ravin, rend in pieces, × surely, tear (in pieces).

טָרַף

vb — tear

טָרַף vb. tear, rend, pluck

Qal tear, rend

Niph. of animal torn

Pu. Joseph has certainly been torn in pieces

Hiph. let me devour my appointed bread

H935

בּוֹאbôwʼ/bo/

v — go, come

Derivation: a primitive root;

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

KJV: abide, apply, attain, × be, befall, besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, × certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, × doubtless again, eat, employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, have, × indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, × (well) stricken (in age), × surely, take (in), way.

בּוֹא

vb — come in

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

1. come in

2. come (approach, arrive)

3. go, i.e. walk, associate with

4. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

1. cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

2. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

a. be brought in (of pers. and things)

b. be brought

c. be introduced, put

H5707

עֵדʻêd/ayd/

n-m — witness, testimony, recorder, prince

Derivation: contracted from 5749;

concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince

KJV: witness.

עֵד

n.m — witness

עֵד 69 n.m. witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming)

1. witness, testimony, evidence, of things

2. witness, a person

H2966

טְרֵפָהṭᵉrêphâh/ter-ay-faw'/

n-f — prey

Derivation: feminine (collectively) of 2964;

prey, i.e. flocks devoured by animals

KJV: ravin, (that which was) torn (of beasts, in pieces).

טְרֵפָה

n.f — animal torn

טְרֵפָה n.f. animal torn (by wild beasts); torn flesh

H3808

לֹאlôʼ/lo/

adv — not, no

Derivation: or לוֹא; or לֹה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

KJV: × before, or else, ere, except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (× as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, surely, as truly as, of a truth, verily, for want, whether, without.

לֹא

adv — not

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

H7999

שָׁלַםshâlam/shaw-lam'/

v — be safe, be, make, completed, be friendly, reciprocate

Derivation: a primitive root;

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications)

KJV: make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, × surely.

שָׁלֵם

vb — be complete

[שָׁלֵם] 103 vb. be complete, sound

Qal

1. be complete, finished, ended

2. be sound, uninjured

Pi.

1. complete, finish, temple

2. make safe

3. make whole or good, restore

4. make good, i.e. pay, vows

5. requite, recompense, reward

Pu.

1. be performed, of vow

2. be repaid, requited

Hiph.

1. complete, perform

2. make an end of

שָׁלַם

vb. denom — be in covenant of peace

[שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace

Qal be at peace

Pu. Pt. one in covt. of peace

Hiph.

1. make peace with

2. cause to be at peace

Hoph. live at peace with

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