DEU 4

Deuteronomy 4:42

WEB

that the man slayer might flee there, who kills his neighbor unintentionally and didn’t hate him in time past, and that fleeing to one of these cities he might live:

BSB

to which a manslayer could flee after killing his neighbor unintentionally without prior malice. To save one’s own life, he could flee to one of these cities:

KJV

That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:

Matthew Henry

Verses 41–49

Deuteronomy 4:41–49

Here is, 1. The nomination of the cities of refuge on that side Jordan where Israel now lay encamped. Three cities were appointed for that purpose, one in the lot of Reuben, another in that of Gad, and another in that of the half tribe of Manasseh, Deu 4:41-43. What Moses could do for that people while he was yet with them he did, to give example to the rulers who were settled that they might observe them the better when he was gone. 2. The introduction to another sermon that Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. Probably it was preached the next sabbath day after, when the congregation attended to receive instruction. He had in general exhorted them to obedience in the former chapter; here he comes to repeat the law which they were to observe, for he demands a universal but not an implicit obedience. How can we do our duty if we do not know it? Here therefore he sets the law before them as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in, sets it before them as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. These are the testimonies, the statutes, and the judgments, the moral, ceremonial, and judicial laws, which had been enacted before, when Israel had newly come out of Egypt, and were now repeated, on this side Jordan, Deu 4:44-46. The place where Moses gave them these laws in charge is here particularly described. (1.) It was over-against Beth-peor, an idol-temple of the Moabites, which perhaps Moses sometimes looked towards, with a particular caution to them against the infection of that and other such like dangerous places. (2.) It was upon their new conquests, in the very land which they had got out of the hands of Sihon and Og, and were now actually in possession of, Deu 4:47. Their present triumphs herein were a powerful argument for obedience.

Cross-references: Deut 4:41 · Deut 4:44 · Deut 4:47

Hebrew interlinear

ל֖וֹloprep + suffix · pronominal · 3rd · masc · sing

H5127

נוּסnûwç/noos/

v — flit, vanish

Derivation: a primitive root;

to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)

KJV: × abate, away, be displayed, (make to) flee (away, -ing), put to flight, × hide, lift up a standard.

נוּס

vb — flee

נוּס 160 vb. flee, escape

Qal

1. flee

2. escape

3. take flight, depart, disappear

4. fly (to the attack) on horseback.

Po‛lel the breath of י׳ driveth at it, driveth it on

Hithpo‛l. in order to take flight before the bow

Hiph.

1. put to flight

2. drive hastily to a safe place

3. cause to disappear, hide

H8033

שָׁםshâm/shawm/

adv — there, then, thither, thence

Derivation: a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

KJV: in it, thence, there (-in, of, out), thither, whither.

שָׁם

adv — there

שָׁם adv. there, thither

H7523

רָצַחrâtsach/raw-tsakh'/

v — dash, kill, murder

Derivation: a primitive root;

properly, to dash in pieces, i.e. kill (a human being), especially to murder

KJV: put to death, kill, (man-) slay(-er), murder(-er).

רָצַח

vb — murder

רָצַח vb. murder, slay

Qal murder, slay, with premeditation

Niph. I shall be slain

Pi. (intens.) murder, assassinate

Pu. ye murder

H834

אֲשֶׁרʼăsher/ash-er'/

r — who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

Derivation: a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

KJV: × after, × alike, as (soon as), because, × every, for, + forasmuch, + from whence, + how(-soever), × if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), × though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where (+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, + whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

אֲשֶׁר

part. of relation — who

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

בַאֲשֶׁר

adv — in which

בַאֲשֶׁר

a. in (that) which

b. adv. in (the place) where

c. conj. in that, inasmuch as

d. on account of whom?

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conj — according as

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

1. according to that which, according as, as

2. with a causal force, in so far as, since

3. with a temporal force, when

מֵאֲשֶׁר

adv — who

מֵאֲשֶׁר

a. from (or than) that which

b. adv. from (the place) where

c. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H853

אֵתʼêth/ayth/

prt — self, even, namely

Derivation: apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of entity;

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

KJV: [as such unrepresented in English].

אֵת

mark of the accusative

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

H7453

רֵעַrêaʻ/ray'-ah/

n-m — associate

Derivation: or רֵיעַ; from 7462;

an associate (more or less close)

KJV: brother, companion, fellow, friend, husband, lover, neighbour, × (an-) other.

רֵעַ

n.m — friend

רֵעַ 187 n.m. friend, companion, fellow

H1097

בְּלִיbᵉlîy/bel-ee'/

np — failure, nothing, destruction, without, not yet, because not, as long as

Derivation: from 1086;

properly, failure, i.e. nothing or destruction; usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as long as, etc.

KJV: corruption, ig(norantly), for lack of, where no...is, so that no, none, not, un(awares), without.

בְּלִי

subst — wearing out

בְּלִי subst. wearing out, hence

1. fig. destruction

2. defect, failure, hence adv. of negation

H1847

דַּעַתdaʻath/dah'-ath/

n — knowledge

Derivation: from 3045;

knowledge

KJV: cunning, (ig-) norantly, know(-ledge), (un-) awares (wittingly).

דַּ֫עַת

n.f — knowledge

דַּ֫עַת n.f. knowledge

1.

a. knowledge, perception

b. = skill (in workmanship)

c. of proph. knowledge

d. esp. knowledge with moral quality

e. knowledge possessed by God

2. esp. in Wisd Lt = discernment, understanding, wisdom

H1931

הוּאhûwʼ/hoo/

p — he, she, it, self, same, this, that, as, are

Derivation: of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is הִיא; he a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

הוּא

m — he

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

1. an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

2. It resumes the subj. with emph.

3. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

4. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

5. As an emph. predicate, of God

6. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

7. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

H3808

לֹאlôʼ/lo/

adv — not, no

Derivation: or לוֹא; or לֹה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

KJV: × before, or else, ere, except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (× as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, surely, as truly as, of a truth, verily, for want, whether, without.

לֹא

adv — not

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

H8130

שָׂנֵאsânêʼ/saw-nay'/

v — hate

Derivation: a primitive root;

to hate (personally)

KJV: enemy, foe, (be) hate(-ful, -r), odious, × utterly.

שָׂנֵא

vb — hate

שָׂנֵא 145 vb. hate

Qal 128 hate

Niph. is hated

Pi. enemy

H8543

תְּמוֹלtᵉmôwl/tem-ole'/

adv — ago, time since, yesterday, day before

Derivation: or תְּמֹל; probably for 865; sometimes with 8032

properly, ago, i.e. a (short or long) time since; especially yesterday, or day before yesterday

KJV: before (-time), these (three) days, heretofore, time past, yesterday.

תְּמוֹל

subst — yesterday

תְּמוֹל (תְּמֹל) 23, אֶתְמוֹל 5, אִתְמוֹל, אֶתְמוּל subst., used sts. as adv.acc., yesterday, fig. recently, formerly

H8032

שִׁלְשׁוֹםshilshôwm/shil-shome'/

adv — trebly, day before yesterday

Derivation: or שִׁלְשֹׁם; from the same as 8028;

trebly, i.e. (in time) day before yesterday

KJV: before (that time, -time), excellent things (from the margin), heretofore, three days, time past.

שִׁלְשֹׁם

adv — three days ago

שִׁלְשֹׁם and (less oft.) שִׁלְשׁוֹם 25 adv. = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday

H413

אֵלʼêl/ale/

prep — near, with, among, to

Derivation: (but only used in the shortened constructive form אֶל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

near, with or among; often in general, to

KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, × hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

אֶל

prep — motion to

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

3. Of direction towards anything

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

6. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

7. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

H259

אֶחָדʼechâd/ekh-awd'/

a — united, one, first

Derivation: a numeral from 258;

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

KJV: a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), eleven, every, few, first, highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

אֶחָד

adj.num — one

אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one

1. one

2. = each, every

3. = a certain

4. = indef. art.

5. only, & (fem.) once

6. oneanother, onethe other

7. as ordinal first

8. in combin.

H4480

מִןmin/min/

prep — part, from, out of

Derivation: or מִנִּי; or מִנֵּי; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482;

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

KJV: above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, × neither, × nor, (out) of, over, since, × then, through, × whether, with.

מִן־

prep — out of

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

1. with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

a. from, against

b. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

c. of position, off, on the side of, on

2. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

3. Partitively

4. Of time

a. as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

b. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

c. towards, to

5. (וְעַד) עַדמִן from … even to

6. In comparisons, beyond, above

7. מן is prefixed to an infin.:

a. with causal force, from, on account of, through

b. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

c. with a temporal force, since, after

8. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

9. In compounds:

מֵן

n. [m.] — portion

[מֵן] n. [m.] portion

H5892

עִירʻîyr/eer/

n-m — city, waking, encampment, post

Derivation: or (in the plural) עָר; or עָיַר; (Judges 10:4), from 5782

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

KJV: Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

עִיר

n.f — city

עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town

1. city, town, abode of men

2. of fortress in a city

3. appar. fortified place, of any size

עִיר

n.[m.] — excitement

עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage

H411

אֵלʼêl/ale/

d — these, those

Derivation: a demonstrative particle (but only in a plural sense)

these or those

KJV: these, those. Compare 428.

אֵל

pr.pl.m — these

אֵל pr.pl.m. & f. these

H2425

חָיַיchâyay/khaw-yah'-ee/

v — live, revive

Derivation: a primitive root (compare 2421);

to live; causatively to revive

KJV: live, save life.

חָיָה

vb — live

חָיָה 283 vb. live

Qal 203

1. live

2. be quickened, revive

Pi.

1. preserve alive, let live

2. give life

3. quicken, revive, refresh

Hiph.

1. preserve alive, let live

2. quicken, revive

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