LEV 23

Leviticus 23:19

WEB

You shall offer one male goat for a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old for a sacrifice of peace offerings.

BSB

You shall also prepare one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs a year old as a peace offering.

KJV

Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.

Matthew Henry

Verses 15–22

Leviticus 23:15–22

Here is the institution of the feast of pentecost, or weeks, as it is called (Deu 16:9), because it was observed fifty days, or seven weeks, after the passover. It is also called the feast of harvest, Exo 23:16. For as the presenting of the sheaf of first-fruits was an introduction to the harvest, and gave them liberty to put in the sickle, so they solemnized the finishing of their corn-harvest at this feast. 1. Then they offered a handful of ears of barley, now they offered two loaves of wheaten bread, Lev 23:17. This was leavened. At the passover they ate unleavened bread, because it was in remembrance of the bread they ate when they came out of Egypt, which was unleavened; but now at pentecost it was leavened, because it was an acknowledgment of God's goodness to them in their ordinary food, which was leavened. 2. With that sheaf of first-fruits they offered only one lamb for a burnt-offering, but with these loaves of first-fruits they offered seven lambs, two rams, and one bullock, all for a burnt-offering, so giving glory to God, as the Lord of their land and the Lord of their harvest, by whose favour they lived and to whose praise they ought to live. They offered likewise a kid for a sin-offering, so taking shame to themselves as unworthy of the bread they ate, and imploring pardon for their sins, by which they had forfeited their harvest-mercies, and which they had been guilty of in the receiving of them. And lastly, two lambs for a sacrifice of peace-offerings, to beg a blessing upon the corn they had gathered in, which would be neither sure nor sweet to them without that blessing, Hag 1:9. These were the only peace-offerings that were offered on the behalf of the whole congregation, and they were reckoned most holy offerings, whereas other peace-offerings were but holy. All these offerings are here appointed, Lev 23:18-20. 3. That one day was to be kept with a holy convocation, Lev 23:21. It was one of the days on which all Israel was to meet God and one another, at the place which the Lord should choose. Some suggest that whereas seven days were to make up the feast of unleavened bread there was only one day appointed for the feast of pentecost, because this was a busy time of the year with them, and God allowed them speedily to return to their work in the country. This annual feast was instituted in remembrance of the giving of the law upon mount Sinai, the fiftieth day after they came out of Egypt. That was the feast which they were told in Egypt must be observed to God in the wilderness, as a memorial of which ever after they kept this feast. But the period and perfection of this feast was the pouring out of the Spirit upon the apostles on the day of this feast (Act 2:1), in which the law of faith was given, fifty days after Christ our passover was sacrificed for us. And on that day (as bishop Patrick well expresses it) the apostles, having themselves received the first-fruits of the Spirit, begat three thousand souls, through the word of truth, and presented them, as the first-fruits of the Christian church, to God and the Lamb.

To the institution of the feast of pentecost is annexed a repetition of that law which we had before (Lev 19:9), by which they were required to leave the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the ends of the butts, for the poor, Lev 23:22. Probably it comes in here as a thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the people of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating to them that to obey even in this small matter was better than sacrifice, and that, unless they were obedient, their offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as God his. Those that are truly sensible of the mercy they receive from God will without grudging show mercy to the poor.

Cross-references: Deut 16:9 · Exod 23:16 · Lev 23:17 · Hag 1:9 · Lev 23:18 · Lev 23:21 · Acts 2:1 · Lev 19:9 · Lev 23:22

Hebrew interlinear

H6213

עָשָׂהʻâsâh/aw-saw'/

v — do, make

Derivation: a primitive root;

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

KJV: accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, × certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, feast, (fight-) ing man, finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, hinder, hold (a feast), × indeed, be industrious, journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, × sacrifice, serve, set, shew, × sin, spend, × surely, take, × thoroughly, trim, × very, vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

עָשָׂה

vb — do

עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make

Qal 2524

I.

1. do (1560 t.)

2. deal with

3. oft. in phr. do kindness with

4. abs. act, act with effect

II.

1. make (670 t.)

2. produce, yield

3. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food

4. make offering

5. attend to, put in order

6. observe, celebrate, religious festival

7. acquire property of various kinds

8. appoint priests

9. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance

10. use

11. spend, pass, days of life

Niph. 97

1. be done

2.

a. be made, of concr. things

b. be produced from vine

c. be prepared, of food

d. be offered

e. be observed, passover

f. be used

Pu. I was made

עָשָׂה

vb — press

[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze

H8163

שָׂעִירsâʻîyr/saw-eer'/

a n-m — shaggy, he-goat, faun

Derivation: or שָׂעִר; from 8175;

shaggy; as noun, a he-goat; by analogy, a faun

KJV: devil, goat, hairy, kid, rough, satyr.

שָׂעִיר

n.m — satyr

שָׂעִיר n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet)

שָׂעִיר

n.m — he-goat

שָׂעִיר 63 n.m. he-goat, buck (hairy one)

שָׂעִר

adj — hairy

שָׂעִר adj. hairy

H5795

עֵזʻêz/aze/

n-f — she-goat

Derivation: from 5810;

a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)

KJV: (she) goat, kid.

עֵז

n.f — she-goat

עֵז 74 n.f. she-goat

H259

אֶחָדʼechâd/ekh-awd'/

a — united, one, first

Derivation: a numeral from 258;

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

KJV: a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), eleven, every, few, first, highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

אֶחָד

adj.num — one

אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one

1. one

2. = each, every

3. = a certain

4. = indef. art.

5. only, & (fem.) once

6. oneanother, onethe other

7. as ordinal first

8. in combin.

H2403

חַטָּאָהchaṭṭâʼâh/khat-taw-aw'/

n-f — offence, penalty, occasion, sacrifice, expiation, offender

Derivation: or חַטָּאת; from 2398;

an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

KJV: punishment (of sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering).

חַטָּאָה

n.f — sinful thing

חַטָּאָה n.f. sinful thing, sin, Ex 34:7 (J E) Is 5:18.

חַטָּאת

n.f — sin

חַטָּאת n.f. sin, sin-offering

1. sin

2. condition of sin, guilt of sin

3. punishment for sin

4. sin-offering

5. purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

H8147

שְׁנַיִםshᵉnayim/shen-ah'-yim/

n — two, twofold

Derivation: dual of 8145; feminine שְׁתַּיִם;

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

KJV: both, couple, double, second, twain, twelfth, twelve, twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

שְׁנַ֫יִם

n.m — two

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two

H3532

כֶּבֶשׂkebes/keh-bes'/

n-m — ram

Derivation: from an unused root meaning to dominate;

a ram (just old enough to butt)

KJV: lamb, sheep.

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ

n.m — lamb

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ 107 n.m. lamb

H1121

בֵּןbên/bane/

n-m — son

Derivation: from 1129;

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

KJV: afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ( ) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, (young) bullock, (young) calf, × came up in, child, colt, × common, × corn, daughter, × of first, firstborn, foal, very fruitful, postage, × in, kid, lamb, ( ) man, meet, mighty, nephew, old, ( ) people, rebel, robber, × servant born, × soldier, son, spark, steward, stranger, × surely, them of, tumultuous one, valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

בֵּן

n.m — son

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

1. son, male child, born of a woman

2. children (male and female)

3. youth, young men

4. the young of animals

5. of plant shoots

6. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

7.

a. member of a guild, order or class

b. of animals son of (the) herd

8. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

9. n. relat. of age

בְּנוֹ

n.pr.m — his son

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

H8141

שָׁנֶהshâneh/shaw-neh'/

n-f — year, revolution

Derivation: (in plural or (feminine) שָׁנָה; from 8138;

a year (as a revolution of time)

KJV: whole age, × long, old, year(× -ly).

שָׁנָה

n.f — year

שָׁנָה 877 n.f. year (etym. v. √[v.ek.aa])

H2077

זֶבַחzebach/zeh'-bakh/

n-m — slaughter, flesh, sacrifice

Derivation: from 2076;

properly, a slaughter, i.e. the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)

KJV: offer(-ing), sacrifice.

זֶ֫בַח

n.m — sacrifice

זֶ֫בַח 162 n.m. sacrifice

I. general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts

1. of the God of Israel

2. of other deities

II. there are several kinds which are gradually distinguished

1. the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban

2. the passover

3. annual sacrifice

4. thank offering

5. in ritual of H & P

6. the slaughter of hostile nations

7. the verb used

H8002

שֶׁלֶםshelem/sheh'-lem/

n-m — requital, thanks

Derivation: from 7999;

properly, requital, i.e. a (voluntary) sacrifice in thanks

KJV: peace offering.

שֶׁ֫לֶם

n.[m.] — sacrifice for alliance

שֶׁ֫לֶם 87 n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering

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